Suchergebnisse

People tend to misclassify ambiguous individuals as members of the out-group rather than the in-group. This in-group overexclusion effect (IO effect) is thought to occur because people are motivated to maintain their in-group's positivity by protecting it from potential out-group intrusions. The present research tested this explanation by asking university students (N = 122) to complete a self-esteem scale and then recall the group memberships of individuals who belonged to minimal groups. Consistent with predictions, participants misassigned significantly fewer individuals to the in-group than to the out-group when the in-group was positive and the out-group was negative but not when these valences were reversed. In addition, self-esteem negatively predicted the IO effect. Alternative explanations of the IO effect are discussed.

Refugees can experience elevated levels of psychological distress upon resettlement, although disparate outcomes over time are expected. The current study modeled trajectories of changes in distress over a 5-year period among resettled refugees and sought to explicate post-settlement factors that influence distress over time. A large-scale sample of refugees resettled in Australia (2,399) was tracked over a 5-year period, completing measures of psychological distress at each wave and initial risk and protective factors immediately after resettlement. A latent class growth analysis conducted on distress found four unique classes characterized by (1) resilient levels of distress, (2) consistent clinical distress, (3) recovering levels of distress, and (4) deteriorating distress. Lower perceived discrimination and greater positive context of reception predicted membership to the resilient group and differentiated the recovering and deteriorating groups. Further, lower ingroup social support predicted membership to the clinically distressed group relative to all others. We conclude by echoing calls to strengthen community support for refugees and promote ingroup ties, particularly among those who are the most vulnerable.

The present research investigated linguistic description as a moderator of biased evaluations of counterstereotypical individuals. Members of an online participant pool (N = 237) indicated their liking for stereotypical and counterstereotypical individuals who were described using adjectives or behaviors. There was a significant interaction between target typicality and linguistic description: People liked counterstereotypical individuals more than stereotypical individuals when target individuals were described using adjectives. In contrast, they showed no bias or a negative bias against counterstereotypical individuals who were described using behaviors. This interaction effect generalized across gender targets (men/women) and sexuality targets (gay/straight), and it was partially mediated by subjective processing fluency. Implications for the backlash effect and prejudice reduction are discussed.

This study was a survey research. The purpose of this research was to study Thai and Australian students personality and the predictability of child rearing practice and city-rural contact variables on students' personality. The total of 604 research samples comprised of 161 Thai undergraduate Psychology students and 443 Australian undergraduate Psychology students. The Measurements used in this study consisted of Goldberg's (1992) International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) and the reliability was 0.82. The Child rearing practice questionnaires had the reliability of 0.82, constructed by Punvadee Somkittikanon which is divided into 3 styles consisted of Democratic style, Restrictiveness style and Overindulgent style. The City-rural contact questionnaires adapted from Voci & Hewstone's (2003) by Stefania Paolini had the reliability of 0.83. It was found that Australian and Thai students' personality differed from each other significantly on the factors of openness, agreeableness, emotion stability and conscientiousness with p <. 05. But there was no difference on extraversion factor. Democratic child rearing style had positive relationship with extraversion, agreeableness and openness to experiences, all at p <. 01 and emotion stability with p <. 05. Overindulgent-nonresponsive child rearing style had a unique significant negative impact on participants' emotion stability and agreeableness, both with p <. 05. Overindulgent-nonresponsive child rearing style, Democratic style and City-Rural contact were positive predictors of participants' openness, all with p <. 05.

We examine predictors of outgroup partner "fit" (the extent to which an individual is seen as representative of a group), and whether fit determines generalization from a discrete intergroup communication experience to intentions for future contact with the outgroup. In an experiment, 288 undergraduate students imagined a conversation with an older target who was presented either positively or negatively. The positively valenced older adult was seen as being more representative of older people in general (high fit), and this link was stronger for those with more past positive and fewer past negative communication experiences. Fit moderated the effects of imagined interaction valence on intentions for future intergroup contact. A positive older partner perceived as fitting the category "older people" resulted in greater intention to communicate with older people in the future than a negative partner; individuals who saw their partner as atypical showed the reverse pattern—they were less likely to report intentions for future intergenerational contact after a positive than a negative manipulated interaction. The findings demonstrate that negative intergroup communication can, at times, have positive effects, and positive contact can have negative effects.